Project

Unity in Diversity

Eniola Afolayan
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Unity in Diversity 00:03 Everything about Yoruba has this religious dimension 00:13 You know, there is nothing you want to say about Yoruba that does not reflect this religiosity. 00:41 Prof Akin Ogundiran: When people are looking for that quiet moment when they can communicate with the big power, the power that is more than other powers, they go to Osun grove. 00:54 Prof Akin Ogundiran: Whether you are a Christian, a Muslim, whether you are an Osun follower, whether you are Obadua Obetella (sp?) there is a space…there is a place in that space for you. 1:49 Madame Orisafunke: My mother was a practitioner of indigenous religion. Her father was also a practitioner of indigenous religion. 2:00 Madame Orisafunke: Due to civilization, my mother married a Muslim man. 2:06 Interviewer: Since you’ve returned to being an Osun devotee, have you had any regrets? 2:18 Madame Orisafunke: Osun has not given me a reason to be regretful. In my mother and father’s house, many have left traditional religion, many even laughed at me for returning to traditional worship. 2:30 But my father called me to encourage me and advised me to continue watching the end of those that converted to Islam. In comparison to my path, and he said that in the end I would be glad. 2:56 Since I’ve returned to this religion, I’ve had no regrets. 3:44 Mrs. Lydia Ojelade: When I was transferred to Osogbo, the first thing that was my problem was ‘how will I cope with a grove that is not in line with my religion?’ As a Christian - a devoted one - because of the perception of people about the traditionalists. 4:02 Mrs. Aduke Fashina: People think of the grove as a place where people make sacrifices to the deities. Then, there are other people that even look at us, staff members, as if we are people who sacrifice to the deities. 4:16 My first day of coming to Osogbo, this sacred grove, I was so scared. I was looking at this like, come, what is happening? Looking at the statues, looking at the sculptures Just looking at everything… 4:27 Mr Muliyu Jinadu: When I arrived here as well, different people were asking “ as a Muslim, are you partaking in Orisa Devotion?” I would respond to them that our forms of worship, our religions, are different. The Orisa devotees are doing their own thing and we, staff members, are doing our own thing. It is because of the work that we, staff members, are here. 5:32 Madame Orisafunke: Everyone has an enemy. We Orisa devotees have the most enemies. We have the most enemies because people don’t have love for us. However, our deity is helping us to overcome. Our form of worship demands that we do not lie and we must not be angry with each other. 5:53 Madame Orisafunke: If other religions are angry, we are always at peace with them because we know that they will return to receive help from us one day. 6:12 If you look at the traditionalists…like I said, they are not as hostile as we are made to believe. Eh, you don’t need to have anything to do with these people. So, because we work here, we interact with them, we now see them as they are, as human beings, and they are part of us. 6:31 Mrs. Lydia Ojelade: Muslims come here also, to see what is happening. Christians come here also, to see what is happening. In that case, our relationship between the devotees and other religions must continue. Otherwise, this place cannot be motivated, this place cannot grow, this place cannot be known all over the world. So in that case there is unity among us. 7:00 Interviewer: Why do you think the Muslim, Christian, and Orisa devotees are willing to work together in regards to the grove? 7:03 Madame Orisafunke: It is love. If we didn’t have love amongst ourselves. There would be trouble amongst us. But we have love for each other.

My research at the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove is focused on the ways in which people of different religious backgrounds collaborate in a space considered to be of environmental, religious, and cultural value. As one of two UNESCO World Heritage sites located in Nigeria, the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove is considered to be of “outstanding universal value” in that it houses native tree species and plants used for medicinal purposes and acts as a public religious site for practitioners of Yoruba Indigenous religion where they come to worship the river goddess Osun. The grove, while attractive to foreign organizations like UNESCO, is considered taboo due to its relationship to the marginalized indigenous religion, which is understood as backwards and is one often demonized by Christians and Muslims alike. That said, the grove’s status as a world heritage site and a national monument has granted it protection by the federal and state government through organizations like National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM). The NCMM branch located in Osogbo, Nigeria, oversees the protection of the grove through its administrative staff responsible for its upkeep. Most of these staff members are often either Muslims or Christians who work together with practitioners of the Yoruba Indigenous religion in grove maintenance.

In trying to understand what motivated religious collaboration at the grove, I spent this past summer volunteering at the grove and engaging with both practitioners of Yoruba Indigenous religion and administrative staff members, to investigate membership in this organization from different religious perspectives.  I was especially interested in the annual Osun-Osogbo festival at the grove that attracted non-affiliated locals and practitioners of the Yoruba Indigenous religion from all over the world, including Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and different parts of Asia. This festival represented a moment in which cooperation and investment in the sacred grove was not just between administrative staff members and practitioners who normally used and took care of the grove, but also between locals who otherwise stay away from the grove. I observed interactions and conducted interviews with participants in order to better understand how various groups came together at this particular site.

Additional Reading

Greene, Sandra E. Sacred Sites and the Colonial Encounter: A History of Meaning and Memory in Ghana. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.

Ogundiran, Akinwumi. “The Osun-Osogbo Grove as a Social Common and an Uncommon Ground: An Analysis of Patrimonial Patronage in Postcolonial Nigeria.” International Journal of Cultural Property 21, no. 02 (May 2014): 173–98.

Ogundiran, Akinwumi. “A Multiplex Landscape: Explorations of Place and Practice in Osun-Grove, Nigeria.” In Cultural Landscape Heritage in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by John Beardsley and Dumbarton Oaks. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2016.

Olupona, Jacob K. “Orisa Osun: Yoruba Sacred Kinghip and Civil Religion in Osogbo, Nigeria.” In Ọ̀ṣun across the Waters: A Yoruba Goddess in Africa and the Americas, edited by Joseph M. Murphy and Mei-Mei Sanford. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.

Sheridan, Michael J., and Celia Nyamweru, eds. African Sacred Groves: Ecological Dynamics & Social Change. Oxford: Athens, OH : Pretoria: James Currey ; Ohio University Press ; Unisa Press, 2008.

Project Contributors

Eniola Afolayan

Eniola Afolayan

PhD Candidate, Anthropology

I am a PhD student in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Virginia with research interests at the intersection of religion and environment, especially in the case of African sacred groves and landscapes. For my work with the Religion, Race & Democracy Lab, I am interested in understanding what motivates religious collaboration between Muslims, Christians, and Orisa devotees in Nigeria.

Additional Credits

Special thanks to the National Commission for Museum and Monuments-Osogbo, Curator, Fatai Adekunle, NCMM-Osogbo Research Unit, Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Osun Devotees, and the Religion, Race & Democracy Lab,

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